Nitric oxide is used in conjunction with a breathing machine (ventilator) and other medications to treat newborn (term and near-term) newborns with pulmonary hypertension-related respiratory failure. Nitric oxide is a gas that can be inhaled via the nose or mouth. It works by relaxing the smooth muscles, which causes the blood arteries in the lungs to dilate. This medication should only be administered by or under the direct supervision of a doctor. Nitric oxide is a vasodilator that occurs naturally and is produced by vascular endothelial cells. Inhaled NO is now licensed for the treatment of neonates with persistent pulmonary hypertension. Inhaled NO has a well-established role in acute pulmonary vasoreactivity testing during right heart catheterization in adult patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension.
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