Nitric oxide is used together with a breathing machine (ventilator) and other agents to treat newborn (term and near-term) babies with respiratory failure that is caused by pulmonary hypertension. Nitric oxide is a gas that is inhaled through the nose or mouth. It works by relaxing the smooth muscles to widen the blood vessels in the lungs. This medicine is to be given only by or under the direct supervision of a doctor. Nitric oxide is a naturally occurring vasodilator produced by vascular endothelial cells. Inhaled NO is currently approved for the treatment of persistent pulmonary hypertension in newborns. In adult patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension, inhaled NO has an established role in acute pulmonary vasoreactivity testing during right heart catheterization.
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